Wednesday, July 19, 2006

Takeshima/Dokdo--Watanabe document 2

It is said that Matsushima and Takeshima, whose Korean name is Ulleungdo, seem to be a single island with two names. However, when former governor of Tottori was asked, he recognized that they are two islands. Also, Toda Takayoshi, Katou and Kanamori Ken described that there is an island at about 40 ri on the sea to the North from Nishijima [belonging to Matsushima. Locals call it 次島.] of Matsushima in Oki province.

[Comment by Aki: (1) '次島' can be read in many ways (e.g. Jito, Tugishima, or Tugushima). Anyway, '次島' means 'next island' or 'second island'. 'Nishijima' means 'West island'. (2) 'Matsushima in Oki province' is Liancourt Rocks. Nishijima which is called 次島 by locals is West Islet of Liancourt Rocks.]

Also, it is about 40 ri by ship from Yonago in Houki province (Tottori prefecture) to Takeshima. To go to Takeshima, go to Izumo (Shimane prefecture) from Yonago, then, you will arrive at Takeshima via Matsushima of Oki. However, it is also said that it is about 20 ri by ship from Fukushima (or Fukuura) of Oki to Matsushima, and that it is about 40 ri from Matsushima to Takeshima. Also, it is about 40 ri by ship from Takeshima to Chosun. This is based on the comment by an old man who went over the sea in 9th year of Kyoho (1724). When he was asked, he replied that it is about 35-36 ri from 伯州會見郡濱野目三柳村 (Aki: this is an address of a village in Tottori prefecture) to the Dogo Island of Oki, and that, judging from the view, the distance (between Takeshima and Chosun) would be about 40 ri since the view of Chosun mountain from Takeshima looked more distant (than the distance between 伯州會見郡濱野目三柳村 and the Dogo Island of Oki). Considering these, it looks obvious that there are two islands.

[Comment by Aki: This passage describes the routes to Takeshima (Ulleungdo). To examine whether there are two islands near Chosun, author describes two concrete examples of the routes to the island(s) near Chosun. First example says that the distance between Yonago (a town in Tottori prefecture) to Takeshima via Liancourt Rocks is 40 ri. Second example says that the distance between an island in Oki Islands and Liancourt Rocks is 20 ri, and the distance between the Liancourt Rocks and Takeshima is 40 ri. The first example shows that it is 40 ri from Yonago town to Takeshima. The second example indicates that it is 60 ri from an island in Oki Islands to Takeshima. Since the distances in the two routes were so different that the author concluded that there seem to be two islands near Chosun. Note that in both examples, the routes to Takeshima are via Liancourt Rocks (Matsushima of Oki). The author has neither confusion nor doubt about the location of the Liancourt Rocks. What is discussed in this passage is whether there are two distinct islands, both of which are called Takeshima by Japanese.]

If considered by referring Western books and if the theory in インパリヤール (Inpariyaaru) of Britain are taken, Dagelet (pronounced as Dazera) island, or Matsushima, is an island in Sea of Japan situated between Japan islands and Korean peninsula. Its northwest point is 137 degrees 25 minutes of north latitude (Aki: '137 degrees' reads '37 degrees'), 130 degrees 56 minutes of east longitude (calculated from Greenwich). It was named by ラペルーズ (Raperuuzu) in 1787. It is 9 ri around. Its rocks around sea make cliffs, and woods cover the island to its highest point. Also, プロナヲンシンク ガセフテル ゼオールルド (Pronaonsink Gasefuteru Zeoorurudo) written by クワピンコツト (Kuwapinkotto) says that Dagelet is a small island in Sea of Japan situated at the almost midpoint between Japan and Chosun. It is 8 ri around and its north point is 37 degrees 25 minutes of north latitude, 135 degrees 56 minutes of east longitude. When these are compared with maps, location of the island labeled as Dagelet, or Matsushima, in British Navy survey map seems to be similar to those described in the two books. The Royal Atlas of Britain, large map by ブルーエ (Buruue) in France, Japan-Chosun by James Wyld who is a geographer to the Queen of Britain, Asian Map by ヲーベルス (Wooberusu) in German, atlas by ゴツタノスチールス (Gotutanostiirusu) in 1875, the map by Geography Department of Weimal, all put Dagelet island at the same position. Survey map by Britain puts an island labeled as Argonaut, or Takeshima, at 129 degrees 57-58 minutes of east longitude, 37 degrees 50 minutes north latitude, although it is drawn by dashed line. The map by Russian Geography Department also puts this at the same position. Also, the book by Kanamori Ken describes that Takeshima is about 15 ri around, and Toda Takayoshi's map, a suvey map by private ship, indicates that it is 23 ri (curves of coastline are counted). Therefore, the size difference (between Takeshima (Argonaut) and) Matsushima, or Dagelet, is not so small. Also, an island which is 1.5 ri around is drawn at the southernmost position in the map. This would be 于人島. When distances were measured using original maps, distances between Oki islands and Matsushima, Takeshima and Chosun are almost consistent. Thus, it is almost obvious that there are two islands, Matsushima and Takeshima. However, books in our country describes only about Takeshima and they do not describe about Matsushima. It is supposed that people used to go to only Takeshima because of the difference in size and richness, and conflicts with Chosun were concerning only Takeshima. If maps are analyzed to examine how foreign countries recognize these islands, British maps paint them and Tsushima islands in the same color as Chosun. French one is the same. German ゴタ (?). The map by スチーレルス (Sutiirerusu) paints them and Tsushima islands in the same color as Japan. Only the map by the Geography Department of Weimal paints Tsushima in the Japanese color, and Matsushima and Takeshima in Korean color. Although Britain and France paint them together with Tsushima in Chosun color, Tsushima is definitely Japanese territory. So the color of Matsushima and Takeshima would be changed. The map by スチーレルス (Sutiirerusu) would be the result of such change. In addition, the names of the islands, Matsushima and Takeshima, are from Japanese language. This suggests that they saw these islands as the ones belonging to Japan. If the relationship between our country and Chosun is considered, late Shogunate did not like conflicts. They gave Takeshima to Chosun because the island is the same as Ulleungdo in their map; distance to the island was also considered. However, there are two islands, Matsushima and Takeshima. Since Matsushima is closer to our country than Takeshima, Chosun cannot resist against that it belongs to Japan. If its importance is discussed, this island situates at almost midpoint between Japan and Chosun, and it is in the sea route from San-in (山陰) in our country to 朝鮮咸鏡道永興府,'Rasareo' port. It is sure that the day to sail from Nagasaki to Vladivostok would come in near future, and its importance is higher by several times than that of Takeshima. Therefore Britain and Russia pay attention. Other countries recognize this way. However, our country does not know whether the two islands, Matsushima and Takeshima, are one island or not. Thus, it is also unknown wheter it belongs to Chosun or not. If foreign countries asked us, we do not know how we should reply to them. If it is made into ours, there would be no chance that we do not have obligation to it. If it is made into Chosun's, we cannot stop foreign countries to control the island. This is the reason to reconsiderAki at Korean language notes




There is a diffent letter that has same Subject.

松島之議


松島ト竹島卽チ韓名鬱陵島ハ聞ク所ニ倚ルニ一島二名アルカ如シト雖トモ、舊鳥取縣令ニ聞クニ全ク二島ノ由ト認メ、又戶田敬義加藤金森謙ナル人ノ書ニ隱岐國松島西島[松島ノ一所屬ナリ土俗呼ンテ次島ト云]ヨリ海上道規凡四十里許、北方ニ一島アリ名ヲ竹島ト云フ云云、又伯州米子ヨリ竹島迠海上道程百四十里許アリ、米子ヨリ出雲ニ出テ隱岐ノ松島ヲ經テ竹島ニ到ルナリ、但シ隱岐ノ福島(一謂福浦)ヨリ松島迠海上道程ニ十里許松島ヨリ竹島迠四十里許云云又竹島ヨリ朝鮮江海上道規四十里許ト云此說ハ亨保九年昔屢渡海セル一老叟ニ詰問セラレシ時其答ニ伯州會見郡濱野目三柳村ヨリ隱岐ノ後島江三十五六里アリ此遠見ノ考ヲ以テ竹島ヨリ朝鮮山ヲ見レハサシ遠ク見レハ凡ソ四十里許リト云フニ因ル云ニ是ヲ以テ考フレハ二島アル事瞭然タルカ如シ、洋書ニ就テ按スルニ英ノインパリヤールガセツトルニダケレツト(ダゼラト音ス)島卽松島ハ日本海ノ一島ニシテ日本島ト朝鮮半島ノ間ニアリ、其西北ノ點北緯百三十七度二十五分東經[グリーンチトツチヨリノ算]百三十度五十六分一千七百八十七年ラペルーズノ名クル所周圍九里海巖ハ絶壁之ヲ境シ、其最高處ニ至ルマテ樹木森森タリ」又クワピンコツト著プロナヲンシンク、ガセフテル、ゼヲールルド」ニダゼラハ日本海ノ小島ニシテ日本朝鮮ノ殆ント中間ニアリ、周圍八里北點北緯三十七度二十五分、東經百三十度五十六分」トアリ、之ヲ地圖ニ徵スルニ英海軍測量圖載スル所ダセラ卽チ松島ト題セル者其地位二書ニ載スル所ノ如シ、英ノロヤールアトラス、佛ブルーエノ大圖、英女王地理家ゼイムスウイルドノ日本朝鮮ニ日耳曼ヲーペルス亞細亞國千八百七十五年ゴツタノスチールスノアドラス、ウアイマル、地理局ノ圖皆ナ同地位ニダゼラ島ヲ置キ、英測量圖ニハ點線ヲ以テ限ルモノノ外ハ東經百二十九度五十七八分、北緯三十七度五十分ニアルゴナウト卽竹島ト題シタル者ヲ置テ、魯西亞ノ地圖局ノ圖ニモ同處ニ之ヲ慥力ニ置テ、又金森謙ノ書ニ竹島周圍大凡十五里トアリ、又戶田敬義ノ圖私船ノ測量ヲ總計スレハ二十三里餘トナル[尤曲屈出入ヲ合セ沿岸]去レハ彼松島卽チ「タゼラ」島ノ周圍ト異ナル事少少ナラス、而シ圖中南隅ニ一里半周圍ノ一島ヲ載ス、是于人島ナルベシ、眞圖ニ就テ測量スルニ、隱岐島ト松島竹島朝鮮ノ距離凡ソ符合ス、サレハ松島竹島ノ二島ナルハ殆ソト判然タリ、唯我國ノ書ニ竹島之事ノミ多クシテ松島ノ事ナキハ大小貧富ノ差ヨリ竹島ニ往來スルノミニシテ、且朝鮮トノ爭論モ竹島ニノミ關係シタル故ト思ワル、此島ノ外國ノ認ムル處ヲ圖ニ徵スレハ英國ノ諸圖ハ對馬島ト合セテ朝鮮ノ色トシ、佛モ亦同シ日耳曼ゴタ、スチーレルスノ圖ニハ對馬ト合セテ日本色トシ、唯ウアイマルノ地理局圖ノミ對馬ヲ以テ日本色トシ、松島竹島ヲ朝鮮色トテ、英佛ノ對州ヲ合セテ朝鮮色ニセシハ對馬旣ニ日本版圖ニ相違ナケレハ、隨テ松島竹島モ其色ヲ變セン、卽チスチーレルノ圖ハ此結果ナルヘシ、況ン哉松島竹島ヲ以テ傳フ其語ハ日本語ナリ、因テ考フレハ此島ハ暗ニ日本所屬ト見○シタルヘシ、偖我國ト朝鮮トノ關係ヲ論スレハ、舊幕府無事ヲ好ムヨリ竹島ヲ以テ唯彼地圖ニ鬱陵島ト均シキト、其地ノ遠近ヲ以テ朝鮮ニ讓與セリト雖トモ、松島竹島ニ島アリ、松島ハ竹島ヨリ我近キ方ニアレハ日本ニ屬シ朝鮮又異論アル能ハス、而シテ其緊要ニ論スレハ同島ハ殆ント日本ト朝鮮ノ中間ニ位シ、我山陰ヨリ朝鮮咸鏡道永興府卽チ「ラサレヲ」港トノ航路ニ當リ、長崎ヨリ「ウラシヲストツク」港、航舶ノ日必近ツク所其緊要ナル所謂竹島ニ數倍ス故ニ今英魯等ノ頻リニ注目スル所トナレリ、而シテ各國ノ認ムル所是ノ如シ然ルニ我國ニテハ松島竹島二島一嶼ノ事判然ナラス、隨テ朝鮮ニ屬スル哉否ヲモ知ラスルナリ、若シ外國ノ問ニ逢フ又答フル所ヲ知ラス、若我物トセン歟之ニ關スル義務ナカルヘカフス之ヲ朝鮮ニ歸セン歟、外國ニ主意セサルヲ得ス、是再考ス所以ナリ。

記錄局長 渡邊洪基 述

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